Criminology and LawBA (Hons)

Administrative Law

Administrative Law is a core module for the LL.B. courses and the B.A. Law. It provides a contextual introduction to some of the central areas of UK public law. It provides a detailed examination of the principles of administrative law with particular emphasis on the procedure and substantive grounds for judicial review in English law.

The aims of this module are to provide students with a working knowledge and
understanding of administrative law, and to develop several key transferable skills in this
context, including:

A critical understanding of the extent and efficiency of control on governmental
bodies;

An ability to apply legal principles to theoretical examples in order to draw
conclusions and give advice to the citizen;

To engage in independent research, analysis and academic writing, using both primary and secondary sources of law.

The different learning styles of students will be accommodated by the incorporation of a variety of assessment methods in seminars. This is in accordance with the inclusive assessment aims of the ESJ framework.

This module supports graduate opportunity and employability by giving you key knowledge of a subject which is practised within the professional legal sector; and by giving you a host of transferable skills, including research, critical thinking and communication.

Becoming a Criminologist

This module will serve as an introduction to university life and has the dual purpose of developing the literacies, discourses and competences needed to become a successful criminologist, while introducing students to the idea of conducting academic criminological research. It will do this by helping you develop your academic skills - such as speed reading, note taking, referencing, paraphrasing and searching for sources. This will be accomplished utilising readings and materials centred on academic research methods.

The module aims to:

1. Introduce you to the discipline and discourses of criminology and what it means to be a criminologist.

2. Build and develop the core academic literacies central to becoming a successful academic and criminologist.

3. Introduce the idea of conducting research into crime and deviance.

4. Introduce different ways in which criminological research can be conducted.

5. Help you settle and adapt to university life, preparing you for your academic studies.

Criminal Law I

Criminal Law I introduces you to the key principles of Criminal Law, one of the foundation subjects of English Law, as identified by the professional legal bodies, the Solicitors Regulation Authority and the Bar Standards Board.

The module provides an academic introduction to the fundamental rules of criminal law, including the key principles of a number of criminal offences involving homicide. Criminal law affects many aspects of human behaviour and interaction but has complex definitions.

The aims of this module are as follows:
1. To help you to understand the changing landscape of criminal law as well as some of the major debates in the subject.

2. To teach and assess key skills of analysis, academic writing and legal research in the context of criminal law. It does this by emphasising the use of primary and secondary sources of criminal law, including court judgments, Acts of Parliament, Parliamentary Papers and academic journal articles.

3. You will enhance your employability by the development of these skills, and by the practice of written communication activities (including summative) and oral communication activities (formative only).

4. You will gain increasing confidence, self-efficacy and emotional resilience as a result of sharing your opinions and research with other students in tutorial activities and group work. This is in accordance with the Identity, Personalisation and Reflection aims of the ESJ.

This module supports graduate opportunity and employability by giving you key knowledge of a subject which is practised within the professional legal sector; and by giving you a host of transferable skills, including research, critical thinking and communication.

Issues in the Criminal Justice System

This module builds on your knowledge of the criminal justice framework to develop a more detailed knowledge of the criminal justice system (CJS) of England and Wales, criminal justice policy, legislation and social justice outcomes by exploring the following contemporary issues:

● ‘Bias’ in the CJS
● The use of surveillance in the CJS
● The introduction of private sector providers within the CJS
● The CJS’s treatment of victims of crime
● Media representations of crime, victims of crime and agencies of the CJS
● Developments in crime prevention
● Recent and current (officially recorded) crime trends
● Differences in international systems of criminal justice.

The module aims to:

1. Provide you with a solid grounding and overview of these contemporary issues to help you build a more detailed knowledge for levels 5 and 6
2. Raise your awareness and understanding of the impact of these issues on the criminal justice sector, the delivery of social justice, the service provided to the public by the CJS and public perceptions of the system
3. Develop your knowledge of historical developments, current policies and significant changes to the CJS
4. Provide a comparative perspective of other systems of criminal justice.

Legal Method

Legal Method introduces you to methods of legal research, analysis and logic; to a practical knowledge of the legal profession and careers; and to issues of judicial ethics.

You will learn about legal method, in particular about legal practice, legal scholarship and legal research methods. They also explore issues around legal reasoning and analysis. These skills are be applied in the context of primary legal materials used in their other modules.

In its use of experiential workshops, the module will place you at the heart of their learning experience, allowing them to develop both personally and professionally within their chosen employment sector. This is in accordance with the Identity, Personalisation and Reflection aims of the ESJ Framework.

The aims of the module are as follows:

1. To introduce you to reflective thinking in the context of contemporary issues of legal method.
2. To enable you to continue to acquire the fundamental academic and professional skills necessary for the undergraduate study of law;
3. To provide a solid support both for the other Level 4 modules, and also for the remainder of the degree course and beyond into professional practice;
4. To begin to develop employability skills specific to work within the legal sector and related professions.
5. To begin to develop commercial awareness within the context of the legal sector

This module supports graduate opportunity and employability by giving you key knowledge of how to make successful applications within the legal sector; and by giving you a host of transferable skills, including research, critical thinking and communication.

The Criminal Justice Framework

This module introduces you to the framework and functions of the Criminal Justice System (CJS) of England and Wales. It provides a foundation of the aims and roles of the agencies of the CJS which you can build into a more detailed knowledge of issues in criminal justice, criminal justice policy, legislation and social justice outcomes at levels 5 and 6.

The module aims to:
1. Provide a solid grounding of the context of the criminal justice system within the constitution of the United Kingdom.
2. Identify the theoretical models of criminal justice which will help inform an understanding of the social function of criminal justice systems.
3. Review the historical development, structures and roles of key agencies responsible for the execution of criminal justice in England and Wales upon which you will be equipped to build a grasp of issues relating to criminal justice.
4. Identify significant examples of policy and legislative changes and evaluate how these have altered the functions and inter-agency cooperation of key agencies of the CJS and the wider impact some of these changes have had on social justice.
5. Provide an understanding of the potential future career opportunities available in the criminal justice sector.

The Development of Criminological Thought

Building on the ideas covered in traditional theories and concepts, you will examine how the discipline of criminology developed. You will explore how criminologists have continued to critique and apply traditional theories in their own explanations of crime. You will explore modern debates about how crime can be understood, and what should be done to address it. You will also explore perspectives which have critiqued the subject of criminology.

Traditional Criminological Theories and Concepts

In the module you will be introduced to origins of criminological thinking, through an exploration of some of the key thinkers who shaped the discipline’s development and created theories to explain and understand crime. You will develop an understanding of the social context in which relevant theories emerged, be able to recognise their limitations, and some of their biases. You will also be able to recognise the policy implications of the theories you explore, as well as their enduring influence on policy and criminological research.

Becoming a Criminal Justice Professional

The aim of this module is to encourage professional development. The module is delivered via small group workshops which focus on the development and/or strengthening of your professional profile in preparation for future job applications. You will also develop/strengthen your knowledge and understanding of potential roles within the criminal justice sector and consider how to match some of the skills/qualifications required by employers with those you have developed during your degree and previous work/study experience. The knowledge, skills and understanding gained via this module will be useful for those who intend to seek employment within the criminal justice sector.

Via the workshops, reading and discussions:
1. You will develop an understanding of key roles within the criminal justice sector.
2. You will be encouraged to develop your professional profile (CV, LinkedIn, cover letters, interview performance etc).
3. You will consider how to match your skills to criminal justice employers’ requirements.

You will be encouraged to consider your career aspirations and to develop the skills and confidence to pursue them.

Criminal Law II

Criminal Law II builds on the knowledge and skills acquired in the study of the LL4057, Criminal Law I. Students study further key principles of criminal law, which is one of the foundation subjects of English law, as identified by the Bar Standards Board.

The aims of the module are as follows:

1. You will acquire knowledge of the basic principles of defences; violent offences; and property offences in criminal law.
2. You will develop several key transferable skills, including independent research, critical analysis and cogent academic writing in the context of criminal law, emphasising the use of primary and secondary sources.
3. You will enhance your employability by the development of these skills, and by the practice of written communication activities (including summative) and oral communication activities (formative only).
4. You will gain increasing confidence, self-efficacy and emotional resilience as a result of sharing your opinions and research with other students in tutorial activities and group work. This is in accordance with the Identity, Personalisation and Reflection aims of the ESJ.

Criminological Research in Context

The aim of this module is to encourage the development of knowledge, skills and understanding for criminological research and the types of methods which are adopted within the field. Via small group workshops you will focus on the development and/or strengthening of your knowledge in relation to key social science research methods/ theory which might be applicable to UG/PG study in the field of criminology and associated subject areas. You will be encouraged to consider how research methods, theory, and the specific studies explored within the module, might be relevant to your own ideas/plans for your final year criminology research project. The knowledge, skills and understanding gained via this module will be useful for those who are interested in conducting criminological research.

Via the workshops, reading and discussions:
a. You will develop an understanding of a range of key social science research methods/theory.
b. You will develop your knowledge and understanding of a range of criminological research/studies and consider the significance of research findings in terms of the contribution to knowledge and/or the impact that research findings can have upon policy/practice within the criminal justice sector.
c. You will develop the skills to critically review criminological research/articles. As you do this you will also be encouraged to reflect upon your own ideas for your final year research project and the method/s you might adopt to study a criminological topic of your own choosing in the final year.

Criminological Research in Practice

This module will provide you with the practical skills required to conduct your own social research projects professionally and ethically. You will gain experience in the exciting and intriguing process of collecting your own data, analysing and interpreting research findings and writing up research results. Throughout this hands-on journey, you will practice a range of data gathering methods such as: conducting interviews, creating compelling surveys, leading insightful focus groups and engaging in cutting-edge online research methods. All of this will develop your data analysis and critical skills enhancing your future employability.

You will analyse both qualitative and quantitative data and develop skills in writing reports to present your findings.

Through the workshops, reading and discussions:

1. You will gain experience in a range of research practices that set the investigation and analysis of social scientists apart from other types of research
2. You will develop your ability to design a research project to answer particular research questions, selecting appropriate methodologies for social problems and topics that interest you
3. You will develop your professional demeanour according to the nature of the method selected and the varying stages of the research project (e.g., organisational skills, observational skills, conversational skills)
4. You will develop analytical skills to critically assess your chosen data set, allowing you to gain experience in evaluating information in light of existent knowledge to then synthesise your findings in a written report.

Drugs and Drug Policy

The aim of this module is to provide you with a critical understanding of drug use, the drugs trade and drug policy from legal, cultural, criminological, public health and human rights perspectives. You will acquire an understanding of drugs theories and concepts and learn to apply them to a range of social and cultural contexts. The module will enable you to develop an understanding of the social, cultural and economic factors that influence substance use and drug related offending. It will also provide you with a critical understanding of the historical, political, social and economic factors shaping the drug-crime nexus, the drugs trade and enforcement strategies. In an analysis of the origins and history of drug policy and through its development you will also gain knowledge of the ways in which drug control and regulation is conducted along racial, gendered and class lines, and the social costs and ‘collateral damage’ of the drugs’ war.

You will be provided with the critical tools to formulate and defend, orally and in writing, evidence-based arguments on key issues in the drugs field on topics such as the legal-illegal divide, the impact of the global prohibition regime, drug harms, treatment and welfare, drug functions and freedoms and questions of identity, consumption, and risk. You will be given the opportunity and critical tools to evaluate a contemporary drug policy. You will also be given the opportunity to critically appraise the assumptions underpinning discourses on drugs and drug policy and criminal justice and treatment responses. You will gain knowledge of drug laws, criminal justice as well as treatment policies and practices, providing you with the knowledge and understanding for working competently with substance users and drug offenders in criminal justice, health and social care, and advocacy roles.

The Law of Criminal Evidence

The Law of Criminal Evidence concerns the information which it is permitted to use to enable the prosecution to establish their case against a defendant, or to enable the defendant to refute the allegations made against him.

It is not every supposed fact that may be brought in evidence in a trial, as the court has limited time and resources to hear everything – however trivial – that the parties might wish to throw into the debate, and there are a host of issues relating to such matters as unfairness or undue prejudice (especially to the defendant in a criminal case), mistakes, unreliability of witnesses, human rights and public policy which might impact on the propriety of permitting certain statements or documents to be admitted as evidence.

This module examines the rules and ethics of the law of evidence, which have arisen both at common law and under statute and invites to students critically to analyse these principles both in a theoretical context, and by practical application to realistic case-studies.

The aims of the module are as follows:
1. You will acquire knowledge of the rules and ethics of the law of evidence, which have arisen both at common law and under statute.
2. You will develop several key transferable skills, including independent research, critical analysis and cogent academic writing in the context of the law of evidence, emphasising the use of primary and secondary sources;
3. Students will enhance their employability by the development of these skills, and by the practice of written communication activities (including summative) and oral communication activities (formative only).
4. You will gain increasing confidence, self-efficacy and emotional resilience as a result of sharing your opinions and research with other students in tutorial activities and group work. This is in accordance with the Identity, Personalisation and Reflection aims of the ESJ.

Crime in Context

In this module you will explore concerns about crime and criminals within their historical and social context, and consider how these change over time. In doing so you will explore how social reactions to crime can be understood using a constructionist approach, involving the construction of ‘others’.

The central themes revolve around why some behaviours and some groups of people are ‘constructed’ as the focus of concern and special treatment. Equally, it considers why some crimes, such as corporate crime, or state crime, usually receive less attention. This exploration encourages reflection on how and why certain behaviours are defined and constructed as ‘crime’, and ‘social problems’.

Crime, Media and Technology

This module looks at the media impact on public perceptions of crime and justice. It also looks at the way contemporary media and technologies influence criminal behaviour and influence the operations of the criminal justice system.
The module aims to:
1. Consider the various relationships between media, technology and crime
2. Develop an understanding of the role of the media in shaping perceptions of crime and criminal justice, with a particular emphasis on marginalised groups
3. Develop a critical awareness of how different groups are represented in the media with regard to crime, criminality and deviance
4. Provide an overview of the way technologies interact with crime and the criminal justice system
5. Develop summarising and analytical skills.

Criminology Today

In this module you will build on the themes explored in crime in context by examining contemporary themes in criminology. This will involve an introductory examination of different categories of crime which have become the focus of attention and concern. You will critique perspectives on different categories of crime by exploring and evaluating the evidence gathered by criminologists. You will also explore different theoretical understandings of specific categories of crime and consider their policy implications.

Dark Destinations - Crime and Tourism

This module looks at ‘dark tourism’- a term most commonly used to describe tourist activities in places that are associated with death and suffering, or activities carried out by tourists that are deviant, illegal or have associated harms. Along with highlighting the historical events that inspire dark tourism, the module will take a look at the underlying harms and crimes that are often still perpetrated, affecting both consumers and people who work in tourism or live close to tourist hotspots.

The module aims to:

1. Identify and explore crime and deviance related tourism
2. Introduce you to global historical crimes and harms which have inspired contemporary tourist activities
3. Allow you to investigate the underlying harms and crimes that occur in relation to tourism hotpots
4. Encourage you to consider the reasons behind the publics’ fascination with dark tourism
5. Explore how both consumers and local people are impacted by dark tourism.

Emerging Crimes and Criminal Law

This module aims to build on and expand your knowledge of criminal law and practice, by focusing on emerging crimes. For the purposes of this module, the term “emerging crime” refer to crimes that have been, or are about to be, created by Acts of Parliament in England and Wales during the 21st Century. In addition to studying legislation and case law, you will be directed to consider Parliamentary papers and Hansard, to assess the effectiveness of current legislation. Management of offenders, such as Stalking Protection Orders, will also be considered in relation to these crimes.

On successful completion of this module, you will develop your London Met Graduate Attribute by focussing on several key transferable skills, including independent research, critical analysis and cogent academic writing in the context of criminal law, emphasising the use of primary and secondary sources.

This module promotes inclusive assessment, by allowing you to select your preferred mode of coursework.

You will be given the opportunity to contribute to decolonising the curriculum, by offering ideas about pertinent content that directly relates to the general theme of the module. (LO1,2,3,4).

This module supports graduate opportunity and employability by giving you key knowledge of an important area of concern within the professional legal sector; and by giving you a host of transferable skills, including research, critical thinking and communication.

Working with Offenders

This module offers you the chance to understand the current debates and practices around working with offenders. The module will cover working with children involved in offending behaviour as well as adults and is ideal if you are considering working within youth justice, probation or voluntary sector organisations working with those with offending backgrounds. You will explore debates around enforcement, risk management and public health approaches within the criminal justice sector. A key focus of the module will also be on your understanding how discrimination (including individual prejudice) affects people's experience of the criminal justice system and how to work in an anti-oppressive way.

The module aims are as follows:

● Understand the role of the youth justice system, probation service and voluntary sector organisations when working with offenders
● Discuss and evaluate the effectiveness of enforcement, public health and risk managements approaches to offender management and crime prevention and desistance
● Support you to understand risk factors associated with offending
● Explore the importance of trauma informed practice within the criminal justice system
● Assess the impact of discrimination on disproportionality and the role of anti oppressive practice
● Understand the role of assessment and reporting when working with those involved in offending.

Civil Liberties and Human Rights

Civil Liberties and Human Rights gives a clear, coherent and up to date account of the law of human rights and civil liberties, concentrating on the position of civil liberties and human rights protection in the light of the Human Rights Act 1998 and the standards of human rights protection laid down in the European Convention on Human Rights

It introduces and builds up critical understanding of the legal concepts which govern individual and collective rights and responsibilities, including the constraints the state may place on the citizen’s exercise of his or her human rights.

The module aims to develop several key transferable skills including independent research, critical analysis, legal drafting and academic writing in the context of the law of civil liberties and human rights, emphasising the use of primary and secondary sources of law. It will encourage and enable you to develop a sophisticated understanding of the relationship that exists - in terms of specific individual rights and freedoms - between the State and the citizen in the UK today and how the legal, social and political conflicts and tensions which are intrinsic to that relationship influence policy, decision-making and legislation.

This module supports graduate opportunity and employability by giving you key knowledge of a subject which is practised within the professional legal sector; and by giving you a host of transferable skills, including research, critical thinking and communication.

Criminal Litigation

Criminal Litigation provides students with an understanding of criminal litigation in a legal practice context. The course introduces students to the criminal litigation process, including the role and powers of the police in relation to stop and search and arrest, the role of the CPS in charging and prosecuting an offender and the structure and jurisdiction of the criminal courts. The module also introduces students to professional conduct rules in a legal practice context.

The module aims to develop several key transferable skills including independent research, critical analysis and written and oral presentation skills in the context of a practical legal subject. It also aims to give students an insight into the practical aspects of law which is particularly valuable if they are contemplating a career in legal practice.

Student employability will be enhanced by the development both of these skills and also by gaining expertise in answering situational judgment, multiple-choice questions, such as are typical in professional legal assessments such as the Solicitors Qualifying Examination and some Bar Practice courses.

AIMS OF THE MODULE:

• This module enables students to see themselves reflected in the curriculum by embracing and developing diverse perspectives.

• This module Empowers all students as change-makers, by equipping them with skills to contribute positively to a global and diverse world.

• In its use of experiential workshops, the module will place students at the heart of their learning experience, allowing them to develop both personally and professionally within their chosen employment sector. This is in accordance with the Identity, Personalisation and Reflection aims of the ESJ Framework.

• This module allows students to engage in formative assessments following every three student led sessions. The assessments incorporate situational judgement and MCQs, and students receive direct feedback. This allows space for continued revision, and for all students to be given the chance to catch-up in their studies and be allocated fairness and inclusivity.

Criminology Project

The overall aim of this module is to equip you with the knowledge and skills to design and conduct an independent criminological research project, and to produce a written research report. This gives you the opportunity to demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of criminological theory and its application, of the quality and significance of criminological research evidence, and the relevance of your research to contemporary issues and debates in criminology and criminal justice fields.

The module aims to:

1. Give you the opportunity to reflect upon your learning, your experience, and the skills you have acquired to date, to independently define and research a criminological topic which is of interest to you.
2. Further develop your research skills, encouraging you to formulate feasible criminological research questions, to select appropriate quantitative/qualitative methods, and to reflect upon ethical issues which arise in research.
3. Give you the opportunity to produce a written research report which demonstrates your knowledge, understanding and skills for conducting criminological research, recognising the relationship between criminology and related fields as well as the limits of knowledge.

Punishment and Prison

The module will focus on critical consideration of the principles of punishment and the role of imprisonment in the criminal justice system and wider society. Looking at prisons within a ‘real world’ context, issues with penal policy and practice will be considered. The needs of specific minority and vulnerable groups of offenders (including women, young people, ethnic minority and mentally disordered offenders) will be considered. Comparative penal perspectives will be explored by considering a number of international perspectives, including the American/Scandinavian examples.

Via the workshops, reading and discussions you will:

1. Develop an understanding of the aims and principles of punishment and prisons via an exploration of the operation of prisons and the role of imprisonment within the criminal justice system and wider society.
2. Explore comparative penal perspectives and develop understanding of diversity within penal policy and practice.
3. Enhance analytic skills and critical awareness through consideration of both official rhetoric and evidence together with the limitations of penal policies and practice in a 'real world' context.
4. Develop your ability to research, analyse, and communicate arguments relating to punishment, penal policy and practice.

Criminal Punishment - Policies and Practice

Penal Policy introduces theories of punishment from a criminological and sociological standpoint. It also deals with aspects of sentencing practice and procedure and allows students to participate in sentencing simulation exercises and debates. Certain categories of offender (e.g. young offenders, women) are considered in depth.

Finally, the issue of penal reform, including restorative justice, is addressed in the light of the most recent initiatives in the field.

We will also cover the following:

• techniques for the presentation of arguments relating to sentencing
• the institutional experiences of different categories of offenders in a range of penal institutions
• the possibilities for reform of the penal system

The aims of the module are as follows:
1. You will acquire knowledge of the theories of punishment and their historical roots with an emphasis upon critical discussion of the conceptual positions that underscore the system.
2. You will acquire knowledge of the range of sentencing options available to the courts and an awareness of the considerations that confront sentencers in making sentencing decisions.
several key transferable skills, including independent research, critical analysis and cogent academic writing in the context of criminal law, emphasising the use of primary and secondary sources.
3. You will learn techniques for the presentation of arguments relating to sentencing
4. You will engage in a discussion of the institutional experiences of different categories of offenders in a range of penal institutions as well as in a general discussion of the possibilities for reform of the penal system
5. You will enhance your employability by the development of these skills, and by the practice of written communication activities (including summative) and oral communication activities (formative only).
6. You will gain increasing confidence, self-efficacy and emotional resilience as a result of sharing your opinions and research with other students in tutorial activities and group work. This is in accordance with the Identity, Personalisation and Reflection aims of the ESJ.

Criminology Work-Based Learning

This module provides an opportunity for you to develop your previously learned work-based skills and gain valuable experience of a working environment either in the criminal justice sector or in a private, statutory or voluntary organisation related to criminal justice and criminology. From this experience, the objective is for you to reflect and develop new capacities and skills in the context of your future goals. This objective also applies if you are currently in the workplace, whether in a paid or voluntary capacity.

The module aims to:

1. develop key skills and knowledge for you to understand your abilities in relation to your career values and goals

2. practically apply the knowledge gained through the course programme to a work environment

3. give you an in-depth insight either of your current work environment or of a new work environment

4. provide an opportunity for you to reflect on the culture and structure of a working environment, your activity within it and to demonstrate inclusive workplace practice

5. give you the ability to recognise your personal and professional development learning to apply to your future goals.

Please note:
● You will be contacted prior to the semester to provide support in securing a work based placement in good time (if you do not already have a suitable work based placement).
● You are responsible for applying for opportunities and to engage with the Module Leader/Work Based Learning teams to assist you.
● The suitability of any opportunities will be assessed by the Module Leader and all placements must meet Health and Safety requirements for Higher Education Work Placements.

If you are studying on a Student Visa, you will only be able to complete a work placement if it meets UKVI monitoring requirements including: approval of the placement dates and hours by the Placement Officer prior to starting the placement, submission of weekly timesheets for the hours undertaken, signed by your line manager/supervisor and continued engagement with the Placement Officer as well as the International Student Support and Compliance Team.

Gender and Crime

The module investigates the relationship between gender and crime, and unpacks the debate on the individual as criminal or victim (sometimes both). You will examine the relationships between gender and crime, looking at a range of topics including gendered violence, female offending, masculinities and crime, sex crimes, sex work and sex trafficking, women drugs and drug trafficking, and media and crime. You will also consider key issues in current criminal justice policy and practice related specifically to women both as both victims and offenders drawing on feminist theories of crime.

The module aims:

● To critically examine the gendered nature of crime
● To understand the theories of gender and crime
● To explore key issues in current criminal justice policy and practice related specifically to women both as both victims and offenders
● To assess the differential impact of violence on and potential of crime prevention

Global Crime and Disorder

The aim of this module is to provide you with a critical understanding of the historical, conceptual, and theoretical ideas fundamental to the study of crime and criminal justice in a contemporary global context. You will acquire knowledge of conceptual and theoretical frameworks such as globalisation, neoliberalism, securitization, and global inequalities through which global crime and disorder can be interpreted and analysed. In this module, you will explore how the quest for order in the name of crime control and risk management contributes to dis-order; the way political discourse and the mass media manufacture global disorder and risk; and the ways state actors are often complicit in transnational crime and global dis-order.

You will be provided with the analytical tools to critically appraise global criminological and social justice problems such as migration, the rise of the right, war and terrorism, global drug crime, ecocide, and modern slavery, and criminal justice policy responses. The module will help you to develop your ability to communicate coherently and clearly, orally and in writing, and present and defend cogent arguments in relation to global issues. The module will provide you with the knowledge and competencies useful for future employment in international justice organisations, intergovernmental organisations, policy making, as well as for postgraduate study. This wide-ranging module utilises research-informed teaching to help you develop an outward looking, reflective and critical approach to crucial current global issues.

Migration, Borders and Control

The aim of this module is to investigate the complex relationship between migration, crime, borders and the criminal justice system. In this module, you will discuss the management of migration, focusing on the control of borders and the processing of migrants. You will examine the relationships between migration, borders and crime, looking at a range of topics such as forced migration, migrant smuggling, policing migration and borders, imprisoning foreign nationals, immigration detention, deportation and human rights, drawing on theoretical work and empirical research in a range of disciplines.

The module aims to:

● Critically examine the complex relationship between migration, borders and crime
● Understand and explain key concepts such as national sovereignty, citizenship, globalisation and migration
● Understand some of the theories emerging from recent research on migration, borders and crime.
● Explore diverse forms of border policing and crime control.
● Assess the differential impacts of migration control on particular groups (e.g. gender/nationality/race/ethnicity, class)

Organised Crime

This module explores the social, economic and political issues associated with the emergence and illicit activities of organised crime. It will delve into the different definitions and types of organised crime, such as mafia, cartels, syndicates and gangs. The module will also provide a brief overview of the historical context and the main theories and research in the field. At the same time, it will explore the practical implications of policing organised crime, especially when it comes to its increasingly transnational nature. This module also looks at the criminal activities of organised crime, including human/drugs/arms trafficking, cybercrime, and the push and pull factors that influence the mobility of organised crime groups across territories.
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The module aims:

1. To analyse prominent research and theoretical underpinnings in the field of organised crime
2. To critically explore the main facets of organised crime groups and illicit activities
3. To outline the key challenges encountered by those who investigate organised crime, i.e. academics and practitioners

Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism

The aim of the module is to provide you a thorough understanding of terrorism, political violence and counter-terrorism strategies. It will look at state and non-state actors who have been involved in acts of 'terrorism'. The module will enable you to re-think the concept of 'terrorism'. By doing so, it will look at and investigate the origin of what we now consider to be 'terrorism'. It will also investigate the role that state terror plays with regards to actions conducted against another state or acts of terrorism which a state conducts against its own citizens. In the end, it will provide you a critical analysis of counter-terrorism and other responses by the state. The module will engage you with key texts by leading scholars in terrorism studies, critical terrorism studies and special attention to criminological approaches to the subject.

On this module you will:

• Describe and analyse the phenomenon of terrorism and political violence
• Describe and analyse the phenomenon of state terrorism
• Examine counter-terrorism and other state responses to terrorism
• Analyse terrorism inspired or directed by al-Qaeda and Islamic State
• Analyse terrorism and political violence inspired or directed by a variety of movements

Victims and Crime

The aim of this module is to encourage you to develop a meaningful understanding of the experiences of victims of crime within the criminal justice system and beyond. The module is delivered via workshops which begin by exploring the notion of victimhood and critiquing the ways of understanding the impact and extent of victimisation for a diverse range of crime victims. You will consider the ways in which we identify and respond to victims of crime. You will study the development of victimology as an academic discipline and the key theoretical concepts within the field. More broadly, you will explore the social, political and cultural contexts which influence our understanding of and responses to victims of crime. Via workshops, readings and discussions you will also
critically explore and analyse the development of victim-centred policy and practice
within the criminal justice system and beyond. This knowledge and understanding will be useful for those seeking to work with and/or advocating for victims of crime.

Via the workshops, reading and discussions:
a. You will develop an understanding of the key theoretical concepts within victimology.
b. You will identify some of the social and political factors that placed victims at the forefront of academic and professional discourses.
c. You will explore the nature and extent of victimisation and critically appraise criminal justice responses to victims of crime.
You will develop your ability to research, analyse, and communicate thoughts relating to victimisation, victim policy and practice.